The TRX Energy rental source code powers platforms that aggregate Energy from frozen TRX and lease it to users. Its quality determines stability, cost curves, scalability, and security. This translation mirrors the Chinese original: six-layer-one-ring architecture, data models & state machines, matching & pricing, billing, chain adapters, security & risk control, automation bots, observability, performance tuning, compliance, pseudocode, pitfalls, and deployment patterns for enterprises and providers.

1. Architecture (Six Layers + Observability)

• API Gateway: auth, signatures, rate limits, idempotency.

• Orchestrator: cross-module flows, retries, compensations.

• Domain Services: pools, matching, pricing, billing, accounts, risk.

• Infra: MQ, cache, schedulers, search, locks.

• Chain Adapter: TronWeb/full nodes, timeout/circuit-breaker, retries.

• Storage: RDB for orders/billing, KV for sessions, object storage for logs.

• Observability: logs, metrics, traces; capacity planning.

2. Data & State Machines

• Tables: accounts, energy_pool, rental_order, allocation, pricing_tick, settlement, audit_log.

• States: CREATED → ALLOCATED → ACTIVE → EXPIRED → CLOSED; failures enter FAILED then compensate/close.

3. Pools & Matching

• Multi-pool with watermarks; SLA-aware, inventory- and price-aware matching.

• Partial fills, retry queues, and graceful degradation.

4. Pricing & Billing

• Price = base × inventory × volatility × SLA.

• Prepaid/postpaid billing, departmental cost split, strong consistency for finance.

5. Chain Adapter & Reliability

• Unified wrapper for freezing/allocating/queries.

• Idempotency keys, safe retries, versioned rollbacks, config snapshots.

6. Security & Risk

• HMAC signatures, API key scopes, IP whitelists, mTLS, least-privilege roles.

• Real-time rules + offline profiling; actions: throttle/freeze/review.

7. Bots & Automation

• Threshold-based replenishment, dynamic scheduling, price caps, event-driven reports.

8. Observability & SLO

• Matching success ≥ 99.5%; TTF P95 ≤ 2s; failure ≤ 0.3%.

• Multi-level alerts and monthly load tests.

9. Performance Tips

• Cache hot data, batch operations, fine-grained locks, async jobs, AZ locality, fallback on last-known prices.

10. Compliance & Terms

• Tamper-proof logs, KYC/AML hooks, encrypted secrets, clear SLAs, geo restrictions.

11. End-to-End Pseudocode

From API request to matching, on-chain allocation, and billing—with idempotency and audit logs.

12. Pitfalls

Hidden coupling, missing idempotency, big locks, blind spots in metrics, no gray rollout, weak compliance.

13. Deployment Patterns

• Enterprise (consumer): freeze base + API bursts + agent stability + bots + cost splitting.

• Platform (provider): multi-pool, inventory-linked pricing, SDK/Webhooks, compliance-first.

14. Trends

Cross-chain resource abstraction, AI-driven prediction, financialization (forwards/options/insurance), and standardization of APIs, SLAs, and reports.

Conclusion: Treat the source code as a systemic engineering project that balances usability, control, cost, and compliance—so Energy rentals run at production scale with predictability and resilience.